Motor control system



May 30, 1933. w E EAMES 1,911,356

MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM F'iled Feb. 15, 1930 INVENTOR W////am FEe/nes.

V VATZFORNEY Patent ed May 30, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT; 1 OFFICE mm 1'." m8, 0] EDGEWOOD, PENNSYLVANIA, ABSIGNOB '1'0 GKOUSI ELECTRIC & IANUFAGTUBING COMPANY, A CORPORATION 01' PENNSYLVANIA MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM Application filed February 15, 1930. Serial Io. 42!",648.

My invention'relates to motor control systems and has particular relation to dynamic braking systems for alternating current motors, of the ty in which the motor is braked by supp ng direct current to the motor primary, t e motor being brought to rest by the currents induced in the second-- ary. Such systems have desirable braking characteristics, the braking tor ue bemg present at all motor speeds, and ways 0pposing the direction of motor rotation, so that no speed res onsive device is necessary to interrupt the braking connections when the motor is brou ht to rest; as is necessary, for example, in p ugging systems.

However, all systems of this character of the prior made according to the 'teachin art, and with which I am fam1liar,-have reuired a separate source of direct current, 3m motor being disconnected from the alternating current source before being connected to the direct current source. As a direct current source is not always available, it has not been practicable to use this system of braking in all applications for which its characteristics are suitable. Furthermore, where this system is used, during the transition period between the interru tion of motorin connections and the esta lishment of bra g connections, the motor is disconnected entirely and develops no torque. The temporary failure of torque, due to this cause, is objectionable, as it is desirable to have the motor under complete control at all times while in motion.

'It is, accordingly, an object of my invention to provide a motor control system for alternatin current motors in which the motor is braied by supplying direct current to the motor primary and in which 21. separate source of direct current for this purpose is not necessary. v 7

Another object of my invention is to provide a motor control s stem for alternating current motors in whic the motor is braked by supplying direct current to the motor primary and in which there is no loss of torque in the transition period between the interruption of motoring connections and the establishment of braking connections.

evident from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a s stem of control organized in accordance with the present invention, showing the a plication of the invention to the control 0? two phase motors;

Fig; 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, show- 1ng t e control 0 three phase motors; Fi 3 is a view, similar to Fig. 1, showmg t e a plication of the invention to the control 0 single phase motors.

Referri to the drawing, the system shown in ig. 1 comprises a two phase induction motor M arranged to be connected to a set of two hase sup'pl conductors L1, L2,L3andL4 ymeanso alineswitchl. A set of contact members 20 of aswitch 2 is interposed in one, phase of the connections between the switch 1 and the, motor M, and a similar set of contact members 26 is interposed in the other phase. A circuit comprising a rectifier R1 and an adjustable resistor 11 is connected in shunt to the contact members 2a. circuit comprising a rectifier R2-and an adjustable resistor 12 is connected in shunt to the contact members 26. The rectifiers R1 and R2 may be of any type but are preferably of the copper oxide type.

The operating coil of the line switch 1 is arranged to be connected to the supply conductors L3 and L4 by means of a delayed opening time element relay 3. While for convenience, I have illustrated the time element relay 3 as a dash-pot relay, it will be understood that this relay may be of any usual time element type.

The operating coils of switch 2 and time element relay 3 are arranged to be connected to the supply conductors L3 and IA a plication of the invention to the by means of a push-button switch PB of any suitable type.

he arrangement shown in Fig. 2 1s identical in every respect with that shown in Fig. 1 except that the motor M is a three hase motor and the supply conductors L1, L2 and L3 constitute a three-phase source.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 3 is identical with the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, except that the motor M is a single phase induction motor with a shaded pole starting device and the suppl conductors L1 and L2 constitute a sing e phase source. The motor poleieces are diagrammaticall illustrated at 1 and the shading coils at g With this arrangement, only one rectifier R1 and one resistor r1 are required.

Referring again to Fig. 1, the operation of the above-described apparatus may be set forth as follows: Upon c osure of the contact members of push-button switch PB, an energizing circuit for the operating coils of switch 2 and time element relay 3 is compieted through the push-button contact memrs. Switch 2 and time element relay 3 close; both relays closing immediately as the time element device of relay 3 dela s the relay only in opening. The relay 3, in closing, completes an energizin circuit for the operating coil of line switc 1, and the switch 2, in closing, short-circuits the rectifiers R1 and R2 and resistors 11 and 12. Line switch 1 closes, connectin the primary windings of motor- M to supp y conductors L1, L2, L3 and L4. The motor M now accelerates to operating speed in the usual manner and continues to operate until the push-button'sw'itch PB is operated to break the circuit of the operating coils of switch 2 and time element relay 3.

When the contact members of push-button PB are opened, switch 2 drops out immediately but the opening of time element relay 3 is delayed for a predetermined period of time by the action of the dash-pot. Switch 2 in dropping out opens its contact members 2a and 2b, inserting the rectifier R1 and resistor 1-1 in series with one phase of the windings of motor M, and the rectifier R2 and resistor 12 in series with the other base.

The motor M now receives recti ed' current from the supply conductorsLl, L2, L3 and L4. The pulsations of the rectified current are smoothed out somewhat by the inductance of the motor windings, stationary magnetic poles are set up in the motor magnetic-structure, and the armature conductors, cutting through the stationary magnetic poles, have braking currents induced in them which brin the motor to rest.

At the expiration of a predetermined pe= riod of time, time element relay 3 dro s out, breaking the energizing circult for t e operating coil of line switch 1. Line switch 1 drops out, disconnecting the motor from the supply conductors L1, L2, L3 and L4. The system is now in its initial condition and further operation of the motor may be iniiii zged by operation of the push-button switch By adjusting the resistors 11 and 72, the range of braking torque may be varied to suit requirements.

The operation of the systems shown in Figs. 2 and 3 will be readily understood from the above-description of the operation of the system shown in Fig. 1.

While I have illustrated only the simplest form of rectifier connections between the alternating current sources and the motor, it will be understood that any form of connections involving any number of rectifier units may be used. Also, while I have illustrated my invention in connection with induction motors, it will be understood that the invention is applicable to all forms of commutating and non-commutating alternating .current motors in which the whole ora component of the secondar current is produced y inductive action. 11 the case of single piiase induction motors, my invention may used with or without a starting device, and if used with a starting device, the latter may be of an type.

I do not, there ore, wish to be restricted to the specific structural details, arrangement of parts or circuit connections herein set forth, as various modifications thereof may be afiected without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a motor-control system, an alternating-current motor, an alternating-current source, a rectifier, a switch and conductors connecting said motor to said source in a circuit. including, in parallel relationship, said rectifier and said switch, whereby the direction of torque of said motor. may be controlled by said switch without interruption of the connection of said motor to said source.

2. In a motor-control system, an alternating-current motor, an alternating-current source, a rectifier, a switch, a resistor and conductors connecting said motor to said source in a circuit including in parallel relationshi a first branch including said rectifier an said resistor and a. second branch including said switch, whereby the direction of tongue of said motor may be controlled by sai switch without interru tion of the connection of said motor to sai source.

3. In a motor control system, an alternating current motor, an alternating current surce, a rectifier, means for establishing connections between said source and said motor for running said motor, means for establishing connections between said source and said motor through said rectifier for brakin said motor, and means for interrupting sai last mentioned connections at the expiration of a redetermined time interval after establis ment thereof. I

4. In a motor control system, an alternating current motor, an alternating current source, a rectifier a time element device, means for establishing connections between said source and said motor, means for establishing connections between said source and said motor through said rectifier and for initiating operation of said time element 1 device, and means controlled by said time. element device for disconnecting said motor.

5. In a motor control system an alternating current motor, an alternating current source, a rectifier,'connections between said 2 source and said motorthrough'said rectifier, a switch in said connections, a second switch connected in shunt to said rectifier, a time element device, means for closing said switches, means for opening said second switch and for initiating operation of said time element device, and means controlled by said time element device for opening said first-mentioned switch.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 12th day of February 1930.

WILLIAM F. EAMES. 

